The Hive Custodian
30th of September, 2005, 05:05
Model of Alignment III
1. Introduction
This third variation on the alignment system attempts to further improve alignment as a system of describing the behavior of people. The original Theory of Alignment attempted to place more comprehensive definitions on the alignment axes. The second Theory of Alignment introduced idealistic and realistic alignment as two different sets of alignment axes. This third Model of Alignment builds on its predecessors by intoducing certain aspects of the D20 Modern Alleigance system.
The word "people" should be taken to mean the same thing as "characters" and "creatures". "Standard alignment model" refers to alignment as presented in the core rules. "Mechanical alignment" refers to alignment as it affects game mechanics such as spells.
2. What is Alignment?
Alignment describes how a person acts toward other people. It is useful to introduce the concept of "happiness" here. Happiness is anything that a person desires: money, honor, good food, power, love, and so forth. We define happiness broadly enough so that all people unfailingly act in pursuit of happiness. With this definition of happiness, alignment can also be defined as how a person acts toward other people in pursuit of happiness. Alignment can also be applied to particular acts.
Alignment measures intent, not consequences. In some cases this may conflict with the standard model.
A common question is whether alignment is descriptive or prescriptive of a person's actions. Alignment describes the principles on which a person acts. It is those principles which determine the person's actions and alignment. So, strictly speaking, alignment is descriptive of a person's principles, and those principles are presciptive of the person's actions. Alignment is neither directly descriptive nor prescriptive of a person's actions.
Alignment is a system of infinite continuums. For example, given any real person, a more good person can be imagined, and a more evil person can be imagined. Given two real people, another person can be imagined who is more lawful than one and more chaotic than the other. When we place divisions between good, evil, lawful, chaotic, and neutral on the continuums, those divisions are arbitrary.
Note that many things do not fall under the purview of alignment. In particular, acts that a person does to themselves do not have an alignment, unless the person is aware that it will affect other people.
3. The Alignment Axes
Theory of Alignment I
Alignment has two axes: good versus evil, and law versus chaos. An act is assigned an alignment based on the principles on which it was committed. A person is assigned an alignment based on the principles on which they act.
3a. Moral Axis: Good versus Evil
Good operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved when one helps others gain happiness, so that others will help one gain happiness in turn.
Evil operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved when one tries to get it directly, regardless of whether it infringes on the happiness of others.
3b. Ethical Axis: Law versus Chaos
Law operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved through society (other people).
Chaos operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved through the self.
3c. Neutrality
Neutrality is the arbitrarily defined area between good and evil; and law and chaos.
3d. The Basic Alignment Model: Nine Alignments
The alignment axes are arbitrarily divided into nine sections, each corresponding to a combination of good, neutral, or evil; and law, neutral, or chaos. The basic alignment model assigns one of these nine alignments to acts and the people who commit them. Optionally, a strength can be assigned to a person's alignment on the moral and/or ethical axes.
3e. Situational Shifts
Although a person will act in accordance to their alignment most of the time, some situations will cause them to act in accordance with a different alignment for a short period of time. This does not constitute a permanent shift in alignment, nor should it change a character's mechanical alignment. In fact, it is not necessary to think of this as a formal shift, but simply as a normal exception to the alignment of a person.
3f. Notation
A person's alignment is notated as follows:
Alignment: Ethical Moral
Abbreviation:
Alignment: EM
Example:
Alignment: Neutral Good
Abbreviation: NG
This person is Neutral Good.
This is all that is necessary, although alignment can be described in more detail if desired. All of the following additions and modifications to the alignment model are strictly optional. This is the subject of the rest of this text.
The strength of alignments can be notated as follows:
Alignment: Ethical Strength Moral Strength
Strengths for non-neutral alignments:
++: Absolute or near-absolute
+: Strong
(none): Average
-: Weak
--: Neutral with tendencies in that direction. Alternately, lower-case the alignment and put a N in front.
Strengths for neutral alignments:
++: Absolutely or near-absolutely committed to neutrality
+: Strongly committed
(none): Average
-: Weakly committed
--: Indifferent
Abbreviation:
Aligment: ESMS
Example:
Alignment: Lawful-- Good+
(Alternately, Nlawful Good+)
Abbreviation: NlG+
This person has only Lawful tendencies, but is strongly Good.
4. Idealistic and Realistic Alignments
Theory of Alignment II
The alignment model can be refined by assigning people two alignments instead of one: an idealistic alignment and a realistic alignment. Different people have these two alignments in different strengths.
4a. Idealistic Alignment
A person's idealistic alignment describes feelings. When a person acts in accordance with their idealistic alignment, they do so for the alignment's own sake; following their idealistic alignment makes them feel happy regardless of the tangible benefits of doing so, or lack therof. People with high Wisdom and Charisma scores tend to be capable of stronger idealistic alignments. A person without a Wisdom or Charisma score is incapable of having an idealistic alignment.
4b. Realistic Alignment
A person's realistic alignment describes reasons. When a person acts in accordance with their realistic alignment, they do so for the tangible benefits they think it will bring; they consciously believe that following their realistic alignment will make them happier overall, regardless of how they feel about their acts by themselves. People with high Intelligence scores tend to be capable of stronger idealistic alignments. A person without an Intelligence score of at least 3 is incapable of having a realistic alignment.
4c. Overall Alignment
For a person whose idealistic and realistic alignments are the same, determining their overall alignment is simple. For a person whose idealistic and realistic alignments are different, both the position of their alignments and their strengths have to be considered.
A person without both a idealistic and a realistic alignment has no overall alignment (and is not really a person, for that matter; though some would argue that those with Intelligence scores below 3, such as animals, are still people). A being with an idealistic alignment but no realistic alignment is an animal. A being with a realistic alignment but no idealistic alignment is an automaton. A being with neither alignment is an object.
4d. Conflicts Between Idealistic and Realistic Alignments
Most of a time, a person's idealistic alignment and realistic alignment will be in agreement; the choices that person makes with regards to alignment will be clear. However, sometimes a situation will shift a person's idealistic and/or realistic alignments so that they no longer agree. In this case, the person will suffer internal conflict as to which decision to make.
In rarer cases, a person's permanent idealistic and realistic alignments will be different. This will repeatedly cause internal conflicts within the person, which tends to make for a tormented personality. Eventually, the stronger of the two usually "converts" the weaker to its own position.
4f. Notation
As overall alignment remains useful, it comes first. The idealistic and realistic come next in parentheses, in that order. The idealistic alignment comes earlier because it is first alphabetically, and because feelings work faster than reason.
Alignment: Overall EM (Idealistic EM/Realistic EM)
Abbreviation:
Alignment: oEM (iEM/rEM)
Example:
Alignment: Netural Good (Lawful Neutral/Neutral Good)
Abbreviation: NG (LN/NG) or oLG (iLN/rNG)
This person is idealistically Lawful Neutral and realistically Neutral Good. Their overall alignment is Lawful Good.
5. Groups
Model of Alignment III
People treat different groups of people differently. These can include friends, family, organizations, nationalities, social groups, races, among other things. This can be represented using a list of groups and the character's alignment toward each of them.
5a. Order
A person will feel more strongly toward certain groups than others. This can describe how that person acts toward someone who falls into more than one group. A person's overall alignment is determined by the size of the groups and the strength of the person's alignment toward each group.
5b. Notation
Using the group system, a character's alignment can be notated as follows:
Alignment: Basic Model Alignment Ethical Moral
Overall: Ethical Moral
Group: Ethical Moral
Group: Ethical Moral
.
.
.
Default: Ethical Moral
Abbreviation:
Alignment: EM
Overall: EM
Group: EM
Group: EM
.
.
.
Default: EM
The character has an overall alignment, followed by their alignment toward each group in descending order of strength. The last entry is "default", which essentially means "none of the above".
Example:
Alignment: NG
Overall: NG
Family: CN
Orcs: CE
Default: NG
This person is Neutral Good overall. Their attitude toward their family is Chaotic Neutral; perhaps their relationship is strained in some way. For some reason or another, this person is inclined not to treat orcs well. Note that under the standard alignment model such a character would probably be solidly Neutral Good.
6. Combinations
Two or more of the above additions to the alignment model can be combined to give a more precise description of a person's alignment, although this will increase the complexity of the Alignment entry on the character sheet. Alignment strength is perhaps the least interesting of the additions to the alignment model, so it should be the last to be added. On the other hand, groups may be the most interesting.
Example:
Alignment: NG
Overall: NlG+ (NlN-/N--G++)
Family: C-Ng (C+N+/N--G)
Orcs: C+E+ (C+E+/C+E+)
Default: NlG+ (NlN-/N--G++)
This person is Neutral Good overall, with only Lawful tendencies on the idealistic side and strong Good principles on the realistic side. Toward their family, they are Chaotic Neutral overall; their realistic alignment there is Neutral Good, but it is overridden by a stronger idealistic Chaotic Neutral alignment: perhaps this person knows that they would benefit from a reconciliation with their family, but they don't feel like doing so. This person probably hates orcs and thinks nothing good can come from them. Finally, their default alignment matches their overall alignment.
7. Mechanical Alignment
The simplest system is to use a person's overall alignment for purposes of game mechanics (this is the person's mechanical alignment). However, alternate schemes are possible:
Detect spells could use the alignment strengths described here instead of the standard aura strengths.
A character's mechanical alignment could be their idealistic alignment, without taking into account their realistic alignment. This is probably closest to the standard model.
A character with a strong idealistic alignment toward a certain group could have all their abilities register members of that group as that alignment. For example, if our example character used a detect spell on an orc, they would see the orc as Chaotic Evil, regardless of the orc's actual alignment.
1. Introduction
This third variation on the alignment system attempts to further improve alignment as a system of describing the behavior of people. The original Theory of Alignment attempted to place more comprehensive definitions on the alignment axes. The second Theory of Alignment introduced idealistic and realistic alignment as two different sets of alignment axes. This third Model of Alignment builds on its predecessors by intoducing certain aspects of the D20 Modern Alleigance system.
The word "people" should be taken to mean the same thing as "characters" and "creatures". "Standard alignment model" refers to alignment as presented in the core rules. "Mechanical alignment" refers to alignment as it affects game mechanics such as spells.
2. What is Alignment?
Alignment describes how a person acts toward other people. It is useful to introduce the concept of "happiness" here. Happiness is anything that a person desires: money, honor, good food, power, love, and so forth. We define happiness broadly enough so that all people unfailingly act in pursuit of happiness. With this definition of happiness, alignment can also be defined as how a person acts toward other people in pursuit of happiness. Alignment can also be applied to particular acts.
Alignment measures intent, not consequences. In some cases this may conflict with the standard model.
A common question is whether alignment is descriptive or prescriptive of a person's actions. Alignment describes the principles on which a person acts. It is those principles which determine the person's actions and alignment. So, strictly speaking, alignment is descriptive of a person's principles, and those principles are presciptive of the person's actions. Alignment is neither directly descriptive nor prescriptive of a person's actions.
Alignment is a system of infinite continuums. For example, given any real person, a more good person can be imagined, and a more evil person can be imagined. Given two real people, another person can be imagined who is more lawful than one and more chaotic than the other. When we place divisions between good, evil, lawful, chaotic, and neutral on the continuums, those divisions are arbitrary.
Note that many things do not fall under the purview of alignment. In particular, acts that a person does to themselves do not have an alignment, unless the person is aware that it will affect other people.
3. The Alignment Axes
Theory of Alignment I
Alignment has two axes: good versus evil, and law versus chaos. An act is assigned an alignment based on the principles on which it was committed. A person is assigned an alignment based on the principles on which they act.
3a. Moral Axis: Good versus Evil
Good operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved when one helps others gain happiness, so that others will help one gain happiness in turn.
Evil operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved when one tries to get it directly, regardless of whether it infringes on the happiness of others.
3b. Ethical Axis: Law versus Chaos
Law operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved through society (other people).
Chaos operates on the principle that happiness is best achieved through the self.
3c. Neutrality
Neutrality is the arbitrarily defined area between good and evil; and law and chaos.
3d. The Basic Alignment Model: Nine Alignments
The alignment axes are arbitrarily divided into nine sections, each corresponding to a combination of good, neutral, or evil; and law, neutral, or chaos. The basic alignment model assigns one of these nine alignments to acts and the people who commit them. Optionally, a strength can be assigned to a person's alignment on the moral and/or ethical axes.
3e. Situational Shifts
Although a person will act in accordance to their alignment most of the time, some situations will cause them to act in accordance with a different alignment for a short period of time. This does not constitute a permanent shift in alignment, nor should it change a character's mechanical alignment. In fact, it is not necessary to think of this as a formal shift, but simply as a normal exception to the alignment of a person.
3f. Notation
A person's alignment is notated as follows:
Alignment: Ethical Moral
Abbreviation:
Alignment: EM
Example:
Alignment: Neutral Good
Abbreviation: NG
This person is Neutral Good.
This is all that is necessary, although alignment can be described in more detail if desired. All of the following additions and modifications to the alignment model are strictly optional. This is the subject of the rest of this text.
The strength of alignments can be notated as follows:
Alignment: Ethical Strength Moral Strength
Strengths for non-neutral alignments:
++: Absolute or near-absolute
+: Strong
(none): Average
-: Weak
--: Neutral with tendencies in that direction. Alternately, lower-case the alignment and put a N in front.
Strengths for neutral alignments:
++: Absolutely or near-absolutely committed to neutrality
+: Strongly committed
(none): Average
-: Weakly committed
--: Indifferent
Abbreviation:
Aligment: ESMS
Example:
Alignment: Lawful-- Good+
(Alternately, Nlawful Good+)
Abbreviation: NlG+
This person has only Lawful tendencies, but is strongly Good.
4. Idealistic and Realistic Alignments
Theory of Alignment II
The alignment model can be refined by assigning people two alignments instead of one: an idealistic alignment and a realistic alignment. Different people have these two alignments in different strengths.
4a. Idealistic Alignment
A person's idealistic alignment describes feelings. When a person acts in accordance with their idealistic alignment, they do so for the alignment's own sake; following their idealistic alignment makes them feel happy regardless of the tangible benefits of doing so, or lack therof. People with high Wisdom and Charisma scores tend to be capable of stronger idealistic alignments. A person without a Wisdom or Charisma score is incapable of having an idealistic alignment.
4b. Realistic Alignment
A person's realistic alignment describes reasons. When a person acts in accordance with their realistic alignment, they do so for the tangible benefits they think it will bring; they consciously believe that following their realistic alignment will make them happier overall, regardless of how they feel about their acts by themselves. People with high Intelligence scores tend to be capable of stronger idealistic alignments. A person without an Intelligence score of at least 3 is incapable of having a realistic alignment.
4c. Overall Alignment
For a person whose idealistic and realistic alignments are the same, determining their overall alignment is simple. For a person whose idealistic and realistic alignments are different, both the position of their alignments and their strengths have to be considered.
A person without both a idealistic and a realistic alignment has no overall alignment (and is not really a person, for that matter; though some would argue that those with Intelligence scores below 3, such as animals, are still people). A being with an idealistic alignment but no realistic alignment is an animal. A being with a realistic alignment but no idealistic alignment is an automaton. A being with neither alignment is an object.
4d. Conflicts Between Idealistic and Realistic Alignments
Most of a time, a person's idealistic alignment and realistic alignment will be in agreement; the choices that person makes with regards to alignment will be clear. However, sometimes a situation will shift a person's idealistic and/or realistic alignments so that they no longer agree. In this case, the person will suffer internal conflict as to which decision to make.
In rarer cases, a person's permanent idealistic and realistic alignments will be different. This will repeatedly cause internal conflicts within the person, which tends to make for a tormented personality. Eventually, the stronger of the two usually "converts" the weaker to its own position.
4f. Notation
As overall alignment remains useful, it comes first. The idealistic and realistic come next in parentheses, in that order. The idealistic alignment comes earlier because it is first alphabetically, and because feelings work faster than reason.
Alignment: Overall EM (Idealistic EM/Realistic EM)
Abbreviation:
Alignment: oEM (iEM/rEM)
Example:
Alignment: Netural Good (Lawful Neutral/Neutral Good)
Abbreviation: NG (LN/NG) or oLG (iLN/rNG)
This person is idealistically Lawful Neutral and realistically Neutral Good. Their overall alignment is Lawful Good.
5. Groups
Model of Alignment III
People treat different groups of people differently. These can include friends, family, organizations, nationalities, social groups, races, among other things. This can be represented using a list of groups and the character's alignment toward each of them.
5a. Order
A person will feel more strongly toward certain groups than others. This can describe how that person acts toward someone who falls into more than one group. A person's overall alignment is determined by the size of the groups and the strength of the person's alignment toward each group.
5b. Notation
Using the group system, a character's alignment can be notated as follows:
Alignment: Basic Model Alignment Ethical Moral
Overall: Ethical Moral
Group: Ethical Moral
Group: Ethical Moral
.
.
.
Default: Ethical Moral
Abbreviation:
Alignment: EM
Overall: EM
Group: EM
Group: EM
.
.
.
Default: EM
The character has an overall alignment, followed by their alignment toward each group in descending order of strength. The last entry is "default", which essentially means "none of the above".
Example:
Alignment: NG
Overall: NG
Family: CN
Orcs: CE
Default: NG
This person is Neutral Good overall. Their attitude toward their family is Chaotic Neutral; perhaps their relationship is strained in some way. For some reason or another, this person is inclined not to treat orcs well. Note that under the standard alignment model such a character would probably be solidly Neutral Good.
6. Combinations
Two or more of the above additions to the alignment model can be combined to give a more precise description of a person's alignment, although this will increase the complexity of the Alignment entry on the character sheet. Alignment strength is perhaps the least interesting of the additions to the alignment model, so it should be the last to be added. On the other hand, groups may be the most interesting.
Example:
Alignment: NG
Overall: NlG+ (NlN-/N--G++)
Family: C-Ng (C+N+/N--G)
Orcs: C+E+ (C+E+/C+E+)
Default: NlG+ (NlN-/N--G++)
This person is Neutral Good overall, with only Lawful tendencies on the idealistic side and strong Good principles on the realistic side. Toward their family, they are Chaotic Neutral overall; their realistic alignment there is Neutral Good, but it is overridden by a stronger idealistic Chaotic Neutral alignment: perhaps this person knows that they would benefit from a reconciliation with their family, but they don't feel like doing so. This person probably hates orcs and thinks nothing good can come from them. Finally, their default alignment matches their overall alignment.
7. Mechanical Alignment
The simplest system is to use a person's overall alignment for purposes of game mechanics (this is the person's mechanical alignment). However, alternate schemes are possible:
Detect spells could use the alignment strengths described here instead of the standard aura strengths.
A character's mechanical alignment could be their idealistic alignment, without taking into account their realistic alignment. This is probably closest to the standard model.
A character with a strong idealistic alignment toward a certain group could have all their abilities register members of that group as that alignment. For example, if our example character used a detect spell on an orc, they would see the orc as Chaotic Evil, regardless of the orc's actual alignment.